Temptation in Vote Selling: Evidence from a Field Experiment in the Philippines

Abstract

We test the predictions of a behavioral model of transactional electoral politics in the context of a randomized anti-vote-selling intervention in the Philippines. We model selling one's vote as a temptation good: it creates positive utility for the future self at the moment of voting, but not for past selves who anticipate the vote-sale. We also allow keeping or breaking promises regarding vote-selling to affect utility. Voters who are at least partially sophisticated about their vote-selling temptation can thus use promises not to vote-sell as a commitment device. An invitation to promise not to vote-sell is taken up by a majority of respondents, reduces vote-selling, and has a larger effect in electoral races with smaller vote-buying payments. The more effective promise treatment reduces vote-selling in the smallest-stakes election by 10.9 percentage points. Inviting voters to make another type of promise, to accept vote-buying payments but to nonetheless “vote your conscience,” is significantly less effective. The results are consistent with voters being partially (but not fully) sophisticated about their vote-selling temptation.

Cite

@article{hicken2018temptation,
  title = {Temptation in Vote Selling: Evidence from a Field Experiment in the Philippines},
  author = {Allen Hicken and Stephen Leider and Nico Ravanilla and Dean Yang},
  journal = {Journal of Development Economics},
  year = {2018},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jdeveco.2017.10.012},
}